Educational weight loss interventions in obese and overweight adults with type 2 diabetes : a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Aim The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing, with most individuals with the disease being overweight or obese. Weight loss can reduce disease‐related morbidity and mortality and weight losses of 10–15 kg have been shown to reverse type 2 diabetes. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of community‐based educational interventions for weight loss in type 2 diabetes. Methods This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in obese or overweight adults, aged 18–75 years, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Primary outcomes were weight and/or BMI. CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to June 2019. Trials were classified into specified a priori comparisons according to intervention type. A pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) (from baseline to follow‐up) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between trial groups (difference‐in‐difference) were estimated through random‐effects meta‐analyses using the inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 and publication bias was explored visually using funnel plots. Results Some 7383 records were screened; 228 full‐text articles were assessed and 49 RCTs (n = 12 461 participants) were included in this review, with 44 being suitable for inclusion into the meta‐analysis. Pooled estimates of education combined with low‐calorie, low‐carbohydrate meal replacements (SMD = –2.48, 95% CI –3.59, –1.49, I2 = 98%) or diets (SMD = –1.25, 95% CI –2.11, –0.39, I2 = 95%) or low‐fat meal replacements (SMD = –1.15, 95%CI –2.05, –1.09, I2 = 85%) appeared most effective. Conclusion Low‐calorie, low‐carbohydrate meal replacements or diets combined with education appear the most promising interventions to achieve the largest weight and BMI reductions in people with type 2 diabetes

Crafting and Assessing Design Science Research for Entrepreneurship

Recognizing the importance of various types of artifacts for entrepreneurship, design science (DS) has been proposed as an inclusive approach that combines relevance and rigor. By enabling researchers to go beyond their traditional roles as observers and analysts of established artifacts to help design new artifacts, DS can improve the relevance of entrepreneurship research. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on how this type of research can be published in leading entrepreneurship journals. In this editorial, we seek to provide practical guidance on how to craft and assess DS studies that target ETP and other top-tier journals

Keanekaragaman Gastropoda dan Bivalvia Bedasarkan Karateristik Sedimen Daerah Intertidal Kawasan Pantai Ujong Pancu Kecamatan Peukan Bada Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Penelitian Keanekaragman Gastropoda dan Bivalvia Berdasarkan Karakteristik Sedimen Daerah Intertidal di Pantai Ujung Pancu Kecamatan Peukan Bada Kabupaten Aceh Besar ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman berdasarkan karakteristik sedimen. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat surut terendah. Stasiun terdiri dari 5 stasiun, dimana setiap stasiun diletakkan plot berukuran 5 x 5 m dan diletakkan transek kuadrat berukuran 1 x 1 m didalamnya dengan jarak sampling 30 m. Analisis data menggunakan rumus keanekaragaman dan Mean grain size. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 19 total spesies yang terdiri dari 12 spesies kelas Gastropoda dan 7 spesies kelas Bivalvia. Keanekaragaman berkisar antara 3,652-3,984. Dan ukuran butiran berkisar antara 0,294-0,403. Kesimpulannya adalah (1) Keanekaragamannya tinggi (2) Ukuran butirannya pasir halus. Kata Kunci : Ujong Pancu, Keanekaragaman, Sedimen, Gastropoda, Bivalvia Study about diversity of Gastropods and Bivalves based on characteristics of sediment in intertidal area in Ujung Pancu Beach Peukan Bada subdistrict Aceh Besar district was conducted on January 2016. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity based on characteristics of sediment. The methode used was purposive sampling method. Sampling were conducted while the water had low recede. Station consisted of 5 stations where each station placed plot 5 x 5 m and placed 1 x 1 m2 of square transects in it with 30 m sampling space. Data analyzed by diversity formula and mean grain size. The result showed that 19 species were found which consisted of 12 species of Gastropods and 7 species of Bivalves. Diversity ranged between 3,652 to 3,984. And grain size ranged between 0,294 to 0,403. The conclusions were (1) Diversity was high (2) Grain size was fine san

Kemenangan Kembali Mantan Bupati Amat Antono Pada Pilkada Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2011

Antono Amat served as regent of Pekalongan Regent period 2001-2006 he's failed to nominate in period 2006-2011 and he ran again in 2011-2016 election period. Be interesting to review because he's wins again on election Pekalongan regency although failed in the previous period. The winning strategy Amat Antono viewed from various perspectives, not only viewed from the strategy Amat Antono and team but also view from the public of distric Pekalongan. Amat Antono strategy used is imaging before campaign period, create togetherness with the audience, optimize activity on campaign period, and secure the voters in the cooling period. Not only that, the desire of public who want Mr Antono as leader in the Pekalongan regency is also an influential factor the back victories the former regent Pekalongan

DEMAND FOR ANIMAL FOOD IN THE RURAL AND URBAN OF MALUKU, INDONESIA

Protein deficiency has a permanent and long-term effect, which is a decrease in intelligence, abnormal growth, and stunting. Maluku is the province with the lowest protein consumption in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of price, income, and demographic factors on animal protein food demand, using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System approach. The research data used 2016 Susenas data of 4,811 households. The results showed that an increase in animal food prices by one percent decreased demand for eggs, chicken, beef, fresh fish and milk powder, respectively, by 0.452%, 2,024%, 4,382%, 2,507%, and 0.969%. The most elastic beef was followed by chicken, fresh fish, milk powder, and eggs with income elasticities of 3,928%, 2,278%, 1,752%, 1,456%, and 0.562%, respectively. All animal foods are luxury items, except eggs are normal goods. In urban areas, beef, fresh fish and milk power are complementary, whereas in rural areas all animal foods are substitutes. Moreover, the impacts of socio-demographic factors on the demand for animal products were found to be very low. To increase protein consumption, the Maluku government needs to maintain the stability of animal food prices, especially eggs. Price policies are more effective than income policies both in urban and rural area

Soil microbial communities in diverse agroecosystems exposed to the herbicide glyphosate

© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Despite glyphosate\u27s wide use for weed control in agriculture, questions remain about the herbicide\u27s effect on soil microbial communities. The existing scientific literature contains conflicting results, from no observable effect of glyphosate to the enrichment of agricultural pathogens such as Fusarium spp. We conducted a comprehensive field-based study to compare the microbial communities on the roots of plants that received a foliar application of glyphosate to adjacent plants that did not. The 2-year study was conducted in Beltsville, MD, and Stoneville, MS, with corn and soybean crops grown in a variety of organic and conventional farming systems. By sequencing environmental metabarcode amplicons, the prokaryotic and fungal communities were described, along with chemical and physical properties of the soil. Sections of corn and soybean roots were plated to screen for the presence of plant pathogens. Geography, farming system, and season were significant factors determining the composition of fungal and prokaryotic communities. Plots treated with glyphosate did not differ from untreated plots in overall microbial community composition after controlling for other factors. We did not detect an effect of glyphosate treatment on the relative abundance of organisms such as Fusarium spp